• cAMP is a key secondary messenger

  2022-01-30

  

  cAMP is a key secondary messenger which transduces extracellular signals at glucagon receptors to intracellular effector molecules. cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway increases the gene expression of enzymes including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) whic

• Introduction The Hedgehog Hh signaling

  2022-01-30

  

  Introduction The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates embryonic organogenesis, tissue patterning, and cell differentiation (Armas-Lopez et al., 2017, Ingham and McMahon, 2013). Aberrant activation of Hh signaling pathway contributes to tumor formation and development of various cancers includi

• Spermine NONOate sale Recently unimolecular multi functional

  2022-01-30

  

  Recently, unimolecular, multi-functional peptides that combine GLP-1RA activity with Spermine NONOate sale and/or GIP activity have been suggested as new therapeutic agents for glycaemic and weight control. In rodents, dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonists achieve significantly better glucose contro

• BMS 961 The effect of GC on Fgf was

  2022-01-30

  

  The effect of GC on Fgf21 was not directly dependent on ileal Fgf15 because basal Fgf21 BMS 961 was similar in Fgf15+/+ and Fgf15−/− mice. Moreover, GC treatment induced similar Fgf21 up-regulation in both strains. Fxr activation has been reported to increase Fgf21 expression and secretion [28]. In

• br Results br Discussion The inflammasome consists of the se

  2022-01-30

  

  Results Discussion The inflammasome consists of the sensor molecule nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), the adaptor protein ASC, and the p0035 molecule CASP1 (Guo et al., 2015). Among the different types of inflammasome, the NLRP3 inflammasome requires a priming ste

• One effective approach to fine tuning the lipophilicity prof

  2022-01-30

  

  One effective approach to fine-tuning the lipophilicity profile of FFA1 agonists is to ‘decorate’ the 3-phenylpropahoic W146 scaffold with polar heterocyclic moieties. Alternatively, this scaffold could be replaced with heterocyclic isosteres (as in Takeda’s compounds 1,2 and 3 as well as Amgen’s in

• br Introduction The term autophagy was coined by Christian d

  2022-01-30

  

  Introduction The term “autophagy” was coined by Christian de Duve in 1963 to describe the process of removing and degrading intracellular components such as unused proteins and damaged organelles through lysosomes [1,2]. Autophagy has been divided into three main types, namely, macroautophagy, mi

• CONUT score is an effective

  2022-01-29

  

  CONUT score is an effective detector of predicting OS and RFS in HCC patients. We found that patients with a damaged immune-nutrition status had significantly poor OS and RFS. Our initial literature review also retrieved other studies evaluating the survival of HCC patients using CONUT score [36,48,

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-01-29

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion GSK-3 overexpression diminishes neurogenesis (Fuster-Matanzo et al., 2013, Kondratiuk et al., 2013, Sirerol-Piquer et al., 2011), while the inhibition of GSK-3 with lithium or valproate enhances neurogenesis, as measured by cell proliferation, the nu

• br S Nitrosoglutathione reductase GSNOR also

  2022-01-29

  

  S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) also identified as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH), is a zinc-dependent dehydrogenase. It is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family and is called class III alcohol dehydrogenase that regulates the levels of S-nitrosothiols (

• The combination of niacin with a

  2022-01-29

  

  The combination of niacin with a selective PGD2 receptor antagonist laropiprant, designed to circumvent the flushing side effect of niacin, has been evaluated in the HPS2-THRIVE study and showed no clinically meaningful benefit when administered in patients on top of statin therapy [41]. Our data su

• To confirm the in vitro findings

  2022-01-29

  

  To confirm the in vitro findings, atorvastatin or pravastatin was given to C57BL6/J mice fed with high fat diet. Doses of atorvastatin were set to be 6 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg, which were within clinical therapeutic doses. The results revealed that treatment of atorvastatin but not pravastatin impaired g

• Human Glucocorticoid Receptor hGR was first cloned in Hollen

  2022-01-29

  

  Human Glucocorticoid Receptor (hGR) was first cloned in 1985 (Hollenburg et al., 1985). It is a modular protein comprised of an N-terminal trans-activating domain (NTD), a C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD) and a central DNA- binding domain (DBD). The DBD is highly conserved and has two zinc fin

• The second experiment investigated the

  2022-01-29

  

  The second experiment investigated the possible neuronal mechanism underlying the effect of acupuncture. The baseline level of methamphetamine consumption in each group was similar, as in the first experiment (Fig. 2A). Acupuncture at HT7 also significantly inhibited the methamphetamine self-adminis

• LPCs have been previously described as potential

  2022-01-28

  

  LPCs have been previously described as potential anti-diabetic factors due to stimulation of secretory activity from the isolated rodent pancreas, L-type cells, ands insulin-producing cell lines, with LPC 18:1 as the main structure of interest (Soga et al., 2005, Sakamoto et al., 2006, Overton et al

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