• GLI proteins activate or repress transcription of their targ

  2022-09-01

  

  GLI proteins activate or repress transcription of their target genes by binding to a similar sequence motif within a cis-regulatory module (CRM) (Hallikas and Taipale, 2006, Peterson et al., 2012). Transcriptional responses to the HH pathway can be elicited either by de-repression of GLI-R or in oth

• Another consistent observation in our studies was the

  2022-09-01

  

  Another consistent observation in our studies was the lower plasma catecholamine concentrations in the exercised GHSR-null mice, suggesting a diminished sympathoadrenal response. A proper sympathoadrenal response is essential for increasing substrate utilization during exercise [81]. Thus, the reduc

• The OTR and GHSR are known to play similar roles

  2022-09-01

  

  The OTR and GHSR are known to play similar roles in centrally regulated behaviours, where the OTR is implicated in mood, sociability and appetite regulation (Morton et al., 2012; Myers et al., 2014; Sala et al., 2013; Lukas et al., 2011; Slattery and Neumann, 2010), with the GHSR primarily involved

• By using pharmacological treatment with CBX or transgenic an

  2022-09-01

  

  By using pharmacological treatment with CBX or transgenic animals lacking the two major astroglial Cxs, the Double KO mouse, we demonstrated that the gap-FRAP technique was able to detect the total inhibition of GJC with a reduction of about 39% and 38% compared to control, respectively. The residua

• br Introduction Alzheimer s disease AD affects ca million

  2022-09-01

  

  Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects ca. 46 million people worldwide [1] and it is expected that the number will double or triple by 2030 or 2050, respectively, while no significant progress has been made in research for early diagnosis and new efficient therapies. Currently available me

• Inflammatory pain is very common in the

  2022-09-01

  

  Inflammatory pain is very common in the clinic. A study demonstrated that galanin was upregulated after nerve injury or inflammation (Ma and Bisby, 1997). It has been reported that galanin plays an important role in the transmission of nociceptive information in the spinal cord of rats with inflamma

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Galanin shows widespread

  2022-09-01

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Galanin shows widespread distribution in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as in the immune, endocrine and endothelial vascular systems (Lang et al., 2007). Galanin controls diverse physiological processes such as arousal

• br Introduction Fructose bisphosphatase FBPase EC catalyses

  2022-09-01

  

  Introduction Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase; EC 3.1.3.11) catalyses the irreversible reaction of hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate [1]. Genetic and kinetic studies so far have demonstrated that at least two distinct isoenzymes of FBPase e

• Cell stiffness is determined by the cytoskeleton an

  2022-09-01

  

  Cell stiffness is determined by the cytoskeleton, an intracellular polymeric network consisting of Cy7.5 maleimide(non-sulfonated) mg filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and crosslinking proteins [38]. Low cell stiffness has been correlated with reduced formation of well-defined F-acti

• ADAM has two alternative splicing forms

  2022-09-01

  

  ADAM12 has two alternative splicing forms, a membrane-anchored long form (ADAM12-L) and a secreted short form (ADAM12-S). Both the long and short forms have metalloproteinase, disintegrin, cysteine-rich, and epidermal growth factor-like domains and can shed pro-heparin binding-epidermal growth facto

• Remarkably most of these molecules

  2022-09-01

  

  Remarkably, most of these molecules are also quite effective in interfering with the proliferation of the drug-resistant cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.59 to 2.93 μM against MCF-7/ADR cells, and from 0.160 to 1.17 μM against NSCLC-resistant H1975 cells. Among these molecules, com

• During the activation of the

  2022-09-01

  

  During the activation of the coagulation cascade, factor Xa (FXa) forms a complex with activated factor V and calcium FPH2 on the surface of platelet membrane (so called prothrombinase complex) and converts prothrombin to thrombin [5], [6]. Selective FXa inhibitors do not directly inhibit platelet

• Microglia after activation can show

  2022-09-01

  

  Microglia after activation can show prominently pro-inflammatory but also anti-inflammatory characteristics [46]. Although the ageing process is not a pathological process, many of the age-associated changes resemble those observed under pathological conditions. An increase number of pro-inflammator

• LY3009120 br Materials and methods br Results and discussion

  2022-09-01

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusion The as-designed system was based on the assembly of MSN-Cy and TPGS, which was dominated by π-π stacking interactions. By the strong mutual force, Cypate and TPGS formed a compact layer around the MSN core, which blocked the drug leaka

• br Methods br Results br Discussion TA TMA is

  2022-08-31

  

  Methods Results Discussion TA-TMA is a severe complication for patients after HSCT. The pathogenesis of TA-TMA is unclear. Complement activation and endothelial cell injury may be involved in the pathogenesis of TA-TMA. Our previous investigations had demonstrated that plasma levels of C5b-

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