Scanners with LIDE LED indirect exposure are an improved ver

Scanners with LIDE (LED indirect exposure) are an improved version of the CIS technology. Here the light source uses powerful tri-color RGB (Red, Green, Blue) LEDs, and the radiation is directed to the object via quartz fibers ensuring uniform exposure over the entire width of the original scanner window (Fig. 3). Cylindrical lenses collect light scattered by the object into homogeneous bundles and focus that light onto a line of phototransistor converters array with high signal /noise value/resolution and high sensitivity in comparison with any other existing sensors (Fig. 3b). As opposed to the CIS and LIDE technologies, an optical system of a CCD (charge coupled device) flatbed scanner consists of a lens and mirrors or prisms that project the light flux from the object being scanned onto the photodetector system (Fig. 4).
Main characteristics of scanners Optical resolution is the number of elements in the liner array of photodetectors divided by the maximum width of the scanned area, i.e., the width of the scanner\'s glass (dpi-parameter). The maximum dpi value for CCD scanners is 9600, for LIDE scanners it is 4800. This parameter determines the number of apelin receptor through which the parallel light intensity from the object is measured, and the linear dimensions of each channel (see table). Mechanical resolution is the number of information “reads” done by the line array of photodetectors (number of rows), divided by the length of the path traveled by the scanning carriage during the same time. This is often incorrectly referred to as the optical resolution but typically, the mechanical resolution is two times the optical one and is determined by the manufacturer. Interpolated resolution is a number that specifies the resolution up to which the scanner calculates missing pixels (e.g., if only 3×3 pixels are received, the scanner will calculate 16×16 pixels). This option should not be used in physical research. Color depth (the number of bits per color). The average amount of binary color information for a point of a full-color image is 24 bits per point, and 8 bits for each of the primary RGB colors, which gives about 17 million colors. The human eye cannot distinguish more subtle shades of color. The range of optical densities. The optical density is a characteristic of the scanned object. It is calculated as the common logarithm of the ratio of the intensity of light sent to the object to the intensity of light reflected from or transmitted through the transparent object. The minimum possible value 0.0 D corresponds to perfectly white or transparent objects, the value of 4.0 D to very black or opaque objects. The optical density range of a scanner describes its ability to distinguish between adjacent shades. The maximum optical density of a given scanner is determined by the object the scanner still can distinguish from “complete darkness”. A scanner cannot distinguish any shades darker than that object. This means that the scanner can lose all the details in dark and light areas of the scanned object. This parameter is important for physics research, as a wider range of optical densities of a scanner allows obtaining more detailed information about the object being scanned. Noise level is limiting the dynamic range and the actual number of bits of data containing useful information. If a cheap noisy linear array is connected to a 36-bit ADC, the image quality neither improves nor suffers. Note that the noise level in CCD scanners may be several times higher than in LIDE scanners. In physical research, scanner noise can be measured and taken into account when analyzing the results. The cell-to-cell sensitivity spread in the CCD array. Even if the scanner calibration is possible, it is usually based on the averaged values of several adjacent cells, which hides fine image details. Cross interference level is the influence of bright cells on adjacent cells that also hides fine details.