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    • According to SCI SCI the under five mortality

    2018-10-22

    According to SCI (SCI, 2014), the under-five mortality rate in Tehran is approximately 2%. A total 12.8% of deaths appear to be caused by different accidents, including road accidents, cutting accidents, and electrical shocks. In fact, electrical shocks are the main cause for under-five deaths related to the building design. Although this EZ Cap Reagent AG (3\' OMe) amount is incomparable to the major 62.9% infant disorder death causes, such number can probably be completely eliminated via a correct building design. Safety precautions in mechanical and electrical installations, such as installation height of electrical sockets, handrails of stairways, and the height of risers, can significantly reduce this rate. The overall crime rate in Tehran, especially in low-income disadvantaged neighborhoods, is high (Chehreh et al., 2009), which means that fewer opportunities for physical activity exist for young children to play or walk outside their homes. A similar situation exists for women, which deprives them of inexpensive, unstructured forms of physical activity such as walking, as well as opportunities for organized activity, especially at night, resulting in less outdoor activities. Therefore, providing individual buildings or residential complexes with child-based playgrounds filled with sunlight is essential. Furthermore, comfortable territories should be provided for women to play with their children and enjoy the benefit of sunlight. Providing adequate lighting is a general problem in most Tehran streets and neighborhood alleys that can be improved through buildings. According to an empirical survey, 56% of citizens declared that the lighting of streets in this city is too poor to make them feel safe (Chehreh et al., 2009). Considering that Tehran has a hot, mostly sunny climate with less than 14% cloudy days during a year (Tahbaz, 2009), utilizing a cheap PV cell converter at the entrance of every building is a design strategy that can provide adequate lighting for street pavements and alleys at night. Avoiding insecure corners, especially in the front yard, as well as creating shared spaces with direct surveillance can lead to safety and security in buildings.
    Discussion The first step included a presentation of a brief summary of the main concept and related discussions for the experts. The experts were then asked to express their opinions over the subject by answering questions from the interviewers. Questions on the necessity of healthy buildings, validity of the driven policies, and their contribution to Tehran׳s prosperity were asked in the group. The experts were also asked to discuss their opinions until they achieve unity. Consequently, policies such as “controlled variety in materials” or “street windows” were deducted from the framework. The experts further concluded that items such as “community design,” “proper ventilation,” and “materials with reduced environmental impact” should be merged with existing similar topics. The result of this stage was a set of 25 policies distributed among five dimensions of city prosperity, but still too general for the existing condition of living in Tehran. In the next step, each expert was interviewed individually and was asked to score each dimension of city prosperity as well as architectural policies with specific reference to Tehran. They expressed their assessment of each factor by giving sieve elements a priority from 1 (as being the most important factor) to 5 (as the least important factor). The average result of their prioritization is illustrated in Table 1. To obtain a more vivid idea of what each score actually means and how policies can be reclassified based on their importance, we multiplied the average score of each dimension by the average of each policy. The result is also shown in Table 1 as the overall value. Clearly, the lower the overall value, the more important the policy will be for healthy buildings in Tehran. This method helps to re-organize the table based on the policies׳ level of importance and prioritize further actions. For the final stage, three major gaps in the overall value of the policies are identified and then reclassified into three main steps. This process means it would be best for designers to fulfill these policies, step-by-step, while making decisions. Accordingly, the result is a consecutive framework consisting of various policies that will lead to better design decisions for healthy buildings in Tehran. The ultimate steps to design decisions are illustrated in Fig. 8.