br Results The electronic device to diagnose cardiac arrhyth

Results The electronic device to diagnose cardiac arrhythmias developed in this work was tested for several weeks in the Cardiology Department at the University Hospital of Puebla, México, belonging to the Autonomous University of Puebla. With the valuable support of Dr. Rubén Sánchez Pérez, a specialist in the area of cardiology, it buy FMK was possible to obtain a database with 120 electrocardiograms belonging to patients with different features and ranging in age between 18 and 90years. Following the instructions of Dr. Rubén Sánchez Pérez were identified four recurrent cases in the database: sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, right bundle branch block and paced rhythm. The database also includes a representation of the electrical activity of a healthy person and zero signals, that is, which does not indicate any electrical activity. Figs. 15–17 show the electrocardiograms, as they are stored in the database for three conditions: sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia and right bundle branch block. As already mentioned, the database can grow, with the increasing use of the system, and acquire the ability to detect other types of arrhythmias in the future. The first step of the procedure for testing in order to get diagnoses and evaluating the results is to place the three bipolar derivations, according to Einthoven’s triangle, as shown in Fig. 5. The second step is to get the corresponding electrocardiogram using the system developed in this work. This process takes only 36s. Auto Diagnostic results can be seen immediately in the user interface. Finally, to evaluate the performance of the device developed in this work and validate the results, in the third step the physician gives his diagnosis using an electrocardiogram obtained through a commercial electrocardiograph commonly used in hospitals and health centers. To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the system, the instrument was tested in thirty randomly selected patients. Four electrocardiograms were generated for each patient, for a total of 120. The results are in Table 1, which shows an average accuracy of 90.28%. The number of successful detections always was maintained with accuracy above 80%. Three case studies thus obtained are shown in Figs. 18–20. The first one is a case of bradycardia in a 43years woman where it observed that the heart rate is 59 contractions per minute. The second case corresponds to a condition of tachycardia in a young girl of 18, where the number of heart beats per minute is 96 even though the measurements were performed under normal conditions in the patient. The third case is a right bundle branch block as well as bradycardia in a 50years woman, which shows a heart rate of 57 contractions per minute and a heart signal behavior noticeably away from the shape defined by the PQRST complex revealing overexertion of the heart muscle due to blockage. All three patients required medical treatment, but note particularly the third case that was performed as a routine test, but due to the anomalous results detected, the patient was immediately alerted to follow an emergency treatment that led to emergency surgical intervention. Without appropriate care, the patient’s heart would have collapsed in a very short time with a high probability of death.
Conclusions While testing it was observed that sometimes the frequency of the heart’s electrical signal exceeds 150Hz and can reach 250Hz. Although the business enterprises electrocardiographs Schiller and Cardioline (used as a reference for comparisons with the EKG-3DT), do not allow registration of frequencies above 150Hz, the EKG-3DT, which is cheaper, was able to register frequencies near 250Hz after minor adjustments.
Conflict of interest
Acknowledgements Authors wish to thank Dr. Salvador Arroyo for his helpful. Also for partial financial support from Programa de Mejoramiento del Profesorado (PROMEP) and Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado (VIEP).