It can be seen from Fig b that an obvious

It can be seen from Fig. 6(b) that an obvious interface is between the covered part and the uncovered part, which demonstrates that the collodion thin film is etched out. In Table 2, the average thickness of collodion thin film after etching is about 1.2 nm. The calculated etching rate is about 7 nm/s in the terms of this technological parameter.
Conclusions
Acknowledgments This work was supported by Shaanxi Province Education Department Key Lab Project (2010JS003, 1JS041), Chinese PLA General Armament Department Special Photoelectric Project (40405030104) and Basic Research Project of National Defense (A0920110019).
Introduction As the global demand for lysophosphatidic acid conservation and emission reduction is getting more and more attention, the development trend of diesel engine is to reduce its displacement and improve its power density[1–5]. The basis characteristics of HPD diesel engine are high speed and high boost pressure, which makes the research on exhaust process of HPD diesel engine different from the traditional research. The gas flow states of intake and exhaust systems have great influence on the power, fuel economy and emission performances of engine. The research on engine intake and exhaust flow has been always a project of particular interest to the researchers[6]. Currently, the finite volume method is a main numerical method for simulating the intake and exhaust systems of diesel engine [7–10]. The CE/SE method is a new numerical method, which was originally proposed by S. C. Chang from NASA Lewis Research Center in the 1990s. It treats the space and time fluxes uniformly, establishes the conservation and solution elements based on the principle of conservation of space flux and time flux, and ensures the conservation of the format in local and global. It needs no other numerical approximation technique except simple Taylor expansion, and does not need to apply any monotonicity restriction or characteristic computing technology. Therefore, the method has the advantages of simple structure, convenient calculation and high accuracy of shock wave-capturing calculation, etc [11–16].
Governing equations and algorithm
Validation of simulation model
The influence of improved power density on charging coefficient The influence of improved rotational speed and exhaust pressure on the charging coefficient of single-cylinder diesel engine is analyzed by using a calibration model and CE/SE method. When the rotational speed is improved, the excess air coefficient remains unchanged, and the fuel delivery per cycle is adjusted according to inflow air mass. Fig. 7 shows the variation of charging coefficient with intake pressure. It can be seen from Fig. 7 that the experimental result is relatively close to the simulated result. The charging coefficient slowly increases with the increase in intake pressure. Fig. 8 shows the variation curve of charging coefficient with engine speed. It can be seen from Fig. 8 that the experimental result is relatively close to the simulated result. With the increase in engine speed, the charging coefficient obviously reduces.
Conclusions
Introduction The MIL-STD-1553B data bus was initially designed for aircraft. With the improvement of informatization level of military equipment, the MIL-STD-1553B data bus has been widely applied in various fields, especially in aerospace and military applications [1]. The MIL-STD-1553B data bus system is composed of data bus network and terminals. It has been used in communication and data transmission between avionics navigation system, task management system and weapon system. It uses a half duplex data transmission with 1 Mb/s data rate in Manchester II code over twisted shielded pair (TSP) cable of which characteristic impedance is around 78 Ω. The data bus network includes main bus, stubs, couplers and termination resistors. The data bus network has the capability of connecting 31 terminals through the stubs. Three types of terminals including bus controller (BC), bus monitor (BM) and remote terminal (RT) are connected to the data bus network in either direct coupling method or transformer coupling method, as shown in Fig. 1. Only the transformer coupling method is required for airborne applications because it allows longer branches with high reliability. In Fig. 1, Z0 is used to represent the characteristic impedance of the cable, R1 and R2 are the isolation resistances of the coupler, R0 is the load resistance of the terminal. The turns ratio N2:N1 of coupling transformer is 1.41:1 with the higher number of turns on the side of isolation resistor.